Цагарели А., Памятники грузинской старины в Святой земле и на Синае

Цагарели А. Памятники грузинской старины в Святой земле и на Синае: Православный Палестинский Сборник, СПб., 1888.

Описание Грузинских Рукописей Синайского Монастыря. [By N. Ya. Marr. With Extracts from the Manuscripts.]

Описание Грузинских Рукописей Синайского Монастыря. [By N. Ya. Marr. With Extracts from the Manuscripts.] 

Sin. 35

Bibliography

Apophthegma - Encyclopedia Article

Apophthegma


A. Definition

Greek ἀπόφθεγμα (apóphthegma), Latin facete dictum, also sententia: with reference to a certain situation, often a difficult one, these have a claim to authenticity; they are usually short, often enigmatically formulated expressions -- as already in the earliest apophthegms that have survived from Theramenes (Xen. Hell. 2,3,56), Anaxagoras (Aristot. Metaph. 1009b 26), Pittacus (Aristot. Rh. 1389a 14-16), Stesichorus (Aristot. Rh. 1395a 1-2). In this way the apophthegma differs from the related chreia , the aphorism and the (conceptually broader) gnome.

Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg)


B. Antiquity

In Greek literature there are collections of apophthegms only from specific groups of people and epochs [3], thus from the Seven Sages, Socrates and the Socratics, other philosophers up to Chrysippus, politicians, orators and artists of the 4th cent. BC, Greek kings and military commanders, especially Alexander. After the end of the 3rd cent. BC, nearly all are only from Romans such as Cato, Cicero and Augustus. Three collections of apophthegmata have been handed down to posterity in Plutarch: those of kings and military commanders, of Spartans and of Spartan women (Plut. Mor. 172-208a, 208b-240b, 240c-242d). Representative of the many great collections of apophthegms which are similar to each other and which have been preserved is the Gnomologicum Vaticanum. In the 4th and 5th cents. AD, the Greek Apophthegmata patrum were created by Egyptian monks; these offer religious guidance from their own experience and are partly alphabetically arranged according to the speakers, partly systematically according to the behaviour addressed in them; they were often translated into Latin [1].

Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg)


C. Later reception

In humanism the tradition of antiquity is continued in the loci-communes-books [4. 824], thus in the Adagiorum Chiliades (1500, 1515), a collection of maxims from antiquity and Christian-Biblical sources, and the Apophthegmaton opus (1532) of Erasmus of Rotterdam. In F. Bacon's Apophthegms new and old (1624) the original situation-dependency of the apophthegm reappears. In Germany the apophthegm lived on in the Commentarius of E. S. Piccolomini (1456) with Latin sayings of German emperors, princes and politicians, as well as in the text written by J. W. Zincgref ‘Der Teutschen scharpfsinnige, kluge Sprüch, Apophthegmata genant’ (1626-1631). In the baroque period G. P. Harsdörfer applied himself to the Artis apophthegmaticae continuatio (1655/6) [4. 824]; this contained epigrams, anecdotes and aphorisms (in the modern sense); the original character of the apophthegma receded. In modern NT research ἀπόφθεγμα is used as a designation for words of Jesus, which are concerned with current problems in the community [5].

Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg)

Bibliography

1. k. s. frank, s. v. A.ta Patrum, LThK 31, 849
2. e. gemoll, Das A., 1924
3. o. gigon, k. rupprecht, s. v. A., LAW 222-223
4. f. h. robling, c. strosetzki, s. v. A., HWdR 1, 823-825
5. th. söding, s. v. A., LThk 31, 848
6. t. verweyen, A. und die Scherzrede, 1970.

Cite this page: "Apophthegma." Brill’s New Pauly. Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). 14 October 2013 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/apophthegma-e128810>

Apophthegmata patrum - Encyclopaedia Article

Apophthegmata patrum 

Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)

(Ἀποφθέγματα πατρῶν; Apophthégmata patrôn). Anonymous collection of ‘Patristic sayings’ belonging to the most copied works of early monasticism. It contains short anecdotes of early monastic life and the anachoresis in the Egyptian desert. They are teachings, prophetic predictions and miraculous acts that describe the daily routine of the monks. Particularly characteristic of the apophthegmata patrum are those sayings that are formulaically introduced by the plea of a believer who petitioned the anchorite in search of advice: ‘Tell me a word so that I may be saved’ (εἰπέ μοι ῥῆμα, πῶς σωθῶ; eipé moi rhêma, pôs sōthô). They are arranged under the name of the anchorite, the respective virtue or the respective vice. The reception of the apophthegmata patrum as ‘Patristic books’ (πατερικά; pateriká) or ‘books on the elders’ (γεροντικά; gerontiká) resulted in differing selections of proverbs, which were reworked for the respective edition.

Ascetism; Egypt

Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)

Bibliography

• w. bousset, Apophthegmata. Studien zur Gesch. des ältesten Mönchtums, Textüberlieferung und Charakter der A. P., 1923 (repr. 1969)
• r. draguet, Les Apohthegmes des moines d'Égypte. Problèmes littéraires, in: Bulletin de la classe des lettres et des sciences morales et politiques de l'académie roy. de Belgique 47, 1961, 134-149
• j.-c. guy, Note sur l'évolution du genre apophthegmatique, in: Revue d'ascétique et de mystique 32 (1954), 63-68.

Cite this page: Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum). "Apophthegmata patrum." Brill’s New Pauly. Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. University of California Los Angeles (UCLA).  31 October 2013 <http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/apophthegmata-patrum-e128850>

Apophthegmata Patrum - brief encyclopaedia article

Apophthegmata Patrum

Apophthegmata Patrum, lit. “sayings” or “aphorisms of the Fathers,” derived from the verb ἀπό + φθέγγω (apó + phthéngō) “making a sound.” The collections of these sayings belong to a literary genre that grew out of the experiences of eremitic existence in the desert. They flourished first in the Greek and Latin-speaking areas of the 4th century and then in all languages of the Christian Orient as far as Sogdiana in central Asia. The collections, which originally were close to the lived experiences and were full of proper names, became more didactic in the course of time and lost their historicity. The proper names disappeared, and the statements were arranged according to virtues and vices. These systematized collections were again taken up in series arranged according to name. In the 7th century the genre became a literarily fixed entity, with John Moschus as the last creative representative. Many hagiographic stories are nothing more than expanded apophthegmata that became ψυχωφέλεις ἱστορίαι (psychōphéleis historíai), stories useful for the soul. The history of research in this area is long and varied. In 1615, H. Rosweyde published the six best-known Latin collections in Vitae Patrum. His lists are still useful today. Most of these collections have been edited in the meantime, and indeed in all the ancient languages of the Christian Orient. Nevertheless, some still remain unpublished, among them especially the oldest Greek and Syrian collections. They are not arranged alphabetically or according to particular points of view, and the proper names there are still quite numerous. C. Faraggiana is working with the Greek edition in Göttingen and Bologna, and M. van Esbroeck with the oldest Syrian collections in Munich.

Michel van Esbroeck

Bibliography

Sources:

J.C. Guy, ed., SC 387, 1993"

For citation - Esbroeck, Michel van. "Apophthegmata Patrum." Religion Past and Present. Brill Online, 2013. Reference. Columbia University. 14 October 2013 <http ://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/religion-past-and-present/apophthegmata-patrum-SIM_00918>

Edition of Old Georgian Translation of Systematical Collection of Apophthegmata Patrum

Publication

Georgian publication

• შუა საუკუნეთა ნოველების ძველი ქართული თარგმანები: ქართული პატერიკის ერთი ძველი რედაქციის ექვთიმე ათონელის თარგმანი, XI ს. ხელნაწერის მიხედვით. ტექსტი გამოსაცემად მოამზადა, გამოკვლევა და ლექსიკონი დაურთო მანანა დვალმა. თბილისი: მეცნიერება, 1966 წ. 

English Translation of a publication

•  Old Georgian Translations of Medieval novels: One Old revision of  Georgian Patericon Translated by Euthimios of Athos, on the bases of 11th century manuscript. Text, research and glossary were prepared by Manana Dvali. Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 1966.